Full text data of PTMA
PTMA
(TMSA)
[Confidence: low (only semi-automatic identification from reviews)]
Prothymosin alpha; Prothymosin alpha, N-terminally processed; Thymosin alpha-1
Note: presumably soluble (membrane word is not in UniProt keywords or features)
Prothymosin alpha; Prothymosin alpha, N-terminally processed; Thymosin alpha-1
Note: presumably soluble (membrane word is not in UniProt keywords or features)
UniProt
P06454
ID PTMA_HUMAN Reviewed; 111 AA.
AC P06454; Q15249; Q15592;
DT 01-JAN-1988, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
read moreDT 23-JAN-2007, sequence version 2.
DT 22-JAN-2014, entry version 133.
DE RecName: Full=Prothymosin alpha;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Prothymosin alpha, N-terminally processed;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Thymosin alpha-1;
GN Name=PTMA; Synonyms=TMSA;
OS Homo sapiens (Human).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
OC Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RX PubMed=3467312; DOI=10.1073/pnas.83.24.9403;
RA Eschenfeldt W.H., Berger S.L.;
RT "The human prothymosin alpha gene is polymorphic and induced upon
RT growth stimulation: evidence using a cloned cDNA.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:9403-9407(1986).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RX PubMed=3466166; DOI=10.1073/pnas.83.23.8926;
RA Goodall G.J., Dominguez F., Horecker B.L.;
RT "Molecular cloning of cDNA for human prothymosin alpha.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:8926-8928(1986).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORM 1), AND PARTIAL PROTEIN
RP SEQUENCE.
RX PubMed=2708378;
RA Eschenfeldt W.H., Manrow R.E., Krug M.S., Berger S.L.;
RT "Isolation and partial sequencing of the human prothymosin alpha gene
RT family. Evidence against export of the gene products.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 264:7546-7555(1989).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RX PubMed=2785990;
RA Gomez-Marquez J., Segade F., Dosil M., Pichel J.G., Bustelo X.R.,
RA Freire M.;
RT "The expression of prothymosin alpha gene in T lymphocytes and
RT leukemic lymphoid cells is tied to lymphocyte proliferation.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 264:8451-8454(1989).
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RC TISSUE=Fetal thymus;
RA Li Z., Fan Q., Huang W., An L.;
RT "A novel prothymosin alpha cDNA from thymus.";
RL Submitted (FEB-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [6]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RC TISSUE=Cervix, Lung, PNS, Skin, and Testis;
RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG The MGC Project Team;
RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA
RT project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN [7]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-15.
RX PubMed=7916742; DOI=10.1007/BF00202480;
RA Szabo P., Panneerselvam C., Clinton M., Frangou-Lazaridis M.,
RA Weksler D., Whittington E., Macera M.J., Grzeschik K.H.,
RA Selvakumar A., Horecker B.L.;
RT "Prothymosin alpha gene in humans: organization of its promoter region
RT and localization to chromosome 2.";
RL Hum. Genet. 90:629-634(1993).
RN [8]
RP PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE.
RX PubMed=3532956; DOI=10.1016/0003-9861(86)90717-4;
RA Pan L.X., Haritos A.A., Wideman J., Komiyama T., Chang M., Stein S.,
RA Salvin S.B., Horecker B.L.;
RT "Human prothymosin alpha: amino acid sequence and immunologic
RT properties.";
RL Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 250:197-201(1986).
RN [9]
RP PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-2, AND ACETYLATION AT SER-2.
RX PubMed=8485135; DOI=10.1021/bi00068a015;
RA Sburlati A.R., De La Rosa A., Batey D.W., Kurys G.L., Manrow R.E.,
RA Pannell L.K., Martin B.M., Sheeley D.M., Berger S.L.;
RT "Phosphorylation of human and bovine prothymosin alpha in vivo.";
RL Biochemistry 32:4587-4596(1993).
RN [10]
RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, AND MASS
RP SPECTROMETRY.
RC TISSUE=Cervix carcinoma;
RX PubMed=17081983; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026;
RA Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P.,
RA Mann M.;
RT "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in
RT signaling networks.";
RL Cell 127:635-648(2006).
RN [11]
RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-107, AND MASS
RP SPECTROMETRY.
RC TISSUE=Cervix carcinoma;
RX PubMed=18669648; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0805139105;
RA Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E.,
RA Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.;
RT "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008).
RN [12]
RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RX PubMed=19413330; DOI=10.1021/ac9004309;
RA Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J.,
RA Mohammed S.;
RT "Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in
RT a refined SCX-based approach.";
RL Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009).
RN [13]
RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE
RP SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RX PubMed=19369195; DOI=10.1074/mcp.M800588-MCP200;
RA Oppermann F.S., Gnad F., Olsen J.V., Hornberger R., Greff Z., Keri G.,
RA Mann M., Daub H.;
RT "Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome.";
RL Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:1751-1764(2009).
RN [14]
RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2 AND THR-102, AND MASS
RP SPECTROMETRY.
RC TISSUE=Leukemic T-cell;
RX PubMed=19690332; DOI=10.1126/scisignal.2000007;
RA Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K.,
RA Rodionov V., Han D.K.;
RT "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling
RT reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.";
RL Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009).
RN [15]
RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2 AND LYS-15, AND MASS
RP SPECTROMETRY.
RX PubMed=19608861; DOI=10.1126/science.1175371;
RA Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M.,
RA Walther T.C., Olsen J.V., Mann M.;
RT "Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major
RT cellular functions.";
RL Science 325:834-840(2009).
RN [16]
RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT MET-1 AND SER-2, PHOSPHORYLATION
RP [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2 AND SER-9, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RC TISSUE=Cervix carcinoma;
RX PubMed=20068231; DOI=10.1126/scisignal.2000475;
RA Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L.,
RA Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S.,
RA Mann M.;
RT "Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full
RT phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.";
RL Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010).
RN [17]
RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX PubMed=21269460; DOI=10.1186/1752-0509-5-17;
RA Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P.,
RA Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.;
RT "Initial characterization of the human central proteome.";
RL BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011).
RN [18]
RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE
RP SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2 AND SER-10, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RX PubMed=21406692; DOI=10.1126/scisignal.2001570;
RA Rigbolt K.T., Prokhorova T.A., Akimov V., Henningsen J.,
RA Johansen P.T., Kratchmarova I., Kassem M., Mann M., Olsen J.V.,
RA Blagoev B.;
RT "System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and
RT phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.";
RL Sci. Signal. 4:RS3-RS3(2011).
RN [19]
RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RX PubMed=22814378; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1210303109;
RA Van Damme P., Lasa M., Polevoda B., Gazquez C., Elosegui-Artola A.,
RA Kim D.S., De Juan-Pardo E., Demeyer K., Hole K., Larrea E.,
RA Timmerman E., Prieto J., Arnesen T., Sherman F., Gevaert K.,
RA Aldabe R.;
RT "N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-
RT terminal acetyltransferase NatB.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:12449-12454(2012).
RN [20]
RP STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 2-29, AND ACETYLATION AT SER-2.
RX PubMed=22115779; DOI=10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.041;
RA Elizondo-Riojas M.A., Chamow S.M., Tuthill C.W., Gorenstein D.G.,
RA Volk D.E.;
RT "NMR structure of human thymosin alpha-1.";
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 416:356-361(2011).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Prothymosin alpha may mediate immune function by
CC conferring resistance to certain opportunistic infections.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC Name=1;
CC IsoId=P06454-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=2;
CC IsoId=P06454-2; Sequence=VSP_011508;
CC -!- PTM: Covalently linked to a small RNA of about 20 nucleotides (By
CC similarity).
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pro/parathymosin family.
CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology
CC and Haematology;
CC URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/PTMAID44094ch2q37.html";
CC -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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DR EMBL; M14630; AAA61182.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; M14483; AAA61183.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; M67480; AAA63240.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; J04797; AAA63240.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; M67480; AAA63239.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; J04797; AAA63239.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; M26708; AAA60213.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF348514; AAK30146.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC051265; AAH51265.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC066905; AAH66905.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC070480; AAH70480.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC071647; AAH71647.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC071879; AAH71879.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; S56449; AAD13882.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR PIR; A42004; TNHUA.
DR PIR; C33356; C33356.
DR RefSeq; NP_001092755.1; NM_001099285.1.
DR RefSeq; NP_002814.3; NM_002823.4.
DR UniGene; Hs.459927; -.
DR PDB; 2L9I; NMR; -; A=2-29.
DR PDBsum; 2L9I; -.
DR ProteinModelPortal; P06454; -.
DR SMR; P06454; 2-29.
DR IntAct; P06454; 5.
DR MINT; MINT-138772; -.
DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000344547; -.
DR PhosphoSite; P06454; -.
DR DMDM; 135834; -.
DR PaxDb; P06454; -.
DR PRIDE; P06454; -.
DR DNASU; 5757; -.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000341369; ENSP00000344547; ENSG00000187514.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000409115; ENSP00000386819; ENSG00000187514.
DR GeneID; 5757; -.
DR KEGG; hsa:5757; -.
DR UCSC; uc002vsc.4; human.
DR CTD; 5757; -.
DR GeneCards; GC02P232536; -.
DR HGNC; HGNC:9623; PTMA.
DR HPA; HPA047183; -.
DR MIM; 188390; gene.
DR neXtProt; NX_P06454; -.
DR PharmGKB; PA33966; -.
DR eggNOG; NOG259527; -.
DR HOGENOM; HOG000089972; -.
DR KO; K13784; -.
DR ChiTaRS; PTMA; human.
DR GeneWiki; Thymosin_%CE%B11; -.
DR GenomeRNAi; 5757; -.
DR NextBio; 22406; -.
DR PMAP-CutDB; P06454; -.
DR PRO; PR:P06454; -.
DR ArrayExpress; P06454; -.
DR Bgee; P06454; -.
DR CleanEx; HS_PTMA; -.
DR Genevestigator; P06454; -.
DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IDA:HPA.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:HPA.
DR GO; GO:0006351; P:transcription, DNA-dependent; TAS:ProtInc.
DR InterPro; IPR004931; Pro/parathymosin.
DR PANTHER; PTHR22745; PTHR22745; 1.
DR Pfam; PF03247; Prothymosin; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW 3D-structure; Acetylation; Alternative splicing; Complete proteome;
KW Direct protein sequencing; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein;
KW Reference proteome.
FT CHAIN 1 111 Prothymosin alpha.
FT /FTId=PRO_0000423255.
FT INIT_MET 1 1 Removed; alternate.
FT CHAIN 2 111 Prothymosin alpha, N-terminally
FT processed.
FT /FTId=PRO_0000299250.
FT PEPTIDE 2 29 Thymosin alpha-1.
FT /FTId=PRO_0000029865.
FT COMPBIAS 42 101 Asp/Glu-rich (acidic).
FT MOD_RES 1 1 N-acetylmethionine.
FT MOD_RES 2 2 N-acetylserine; in Prothymosin alpha, N-
FT terminally processed.
FT MOD_RES 2 2 Phosphoserine.
FT MOD_RES 8 8 Phosphothreonine (By similarity).
FT MOD_RES 9 9 Phosphoserine.
FT MOD_RES 10 10 Phosphoserine.
FT MOD_RES 13 13 Phosphothreonine (By similarity).
FT MOD_RES 14 14 Phosphothreonine (By similarity).
FT MOD_RES 15 15 N6-acetyllysine.
FT MOD_RES 102 102 Phosphothreonine.
FT MOD_RES 107 107 Phosphothreonine.
FT VAR_SEQ 40 40 Missing (in isoform 2).
FT /FTId=VSP_011508.
FT HELIX 3 6
FT HELIX 9 28
SQ SEQUENCE 111 AA; 12203 MW; 910BBF9D8D14B8E7 CRC64;
MSDAAVDTSS EITTKDLKEK KEVVEEAENG RDAPANGNAE NEENGEQEAD NEVDEEEEEG
GEEEEEEEEG DGEEEDGDED EEAESATGKR AAEDDEDDDV DTKKQKTDED D
//
ID PTMA_HUMAN Reviewed; 111 AA.
AC P06454; Q15249; Q15592;
DT 01-JAN-1988, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
read moreDT 23-JAN-2007, sequence version 2.
DT 22-JAN-2014, entry version 133.
DE RecName: Full=Prothymosin alpha;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Prothymosin alpha, N-terminally processed;
DE Contains:
DE RecName: Full=Thymosin alpha-1;
GN Name=PTMA; Synonyms=TMSA;
OS Homo sapiens (Human).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
OC Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RX PubMed=3467312; DOI=10.1073/pnas.83.24.9403;
RA Eschenfeldt W.H., Berger S.L.;
RT "The human prothymosin alpha gene is polymorphic and induced upon
RT growth stimulation: evidence using a cloned cDNA.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:9403-9407(1986).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RX PubMed=3466166; DOI=10.1073/pnas.83.23.8926;
RA Goodall G.J., Dominguez F., Horecker B.L.;
RT "Molecular cloning of cDNA for human prothymosin alpha.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:8926-8928(1986).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORM 1), AND PARTIAL PROTEIN
RP SEQUENCE.
RX PubMed=2708378;
RA Eschenfeldt W.H., Manrow R.E., Krug M.S., Berger S.L.;
RT "Isolation and partial sequencing of the human prothymosin alpha gene
RT family. Evidence against export of the gene products.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 264:7546-7555(1989).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RX PubMed=2785990;
RA Gomez-Marquez J., Segade F., Dosil M., Pichel J.G., Bustelo X.R.,
RA Freire M.;
RT "The expression of prothymosin alpha gene in T lymphocytes and
RT leukemic lymphoid cells is tied to lymphocyte proliferation.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 264:8451-8454(1989).
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RC TISSUE=Fetal thymus;
RA Li Z., Fan Q., Huang W., An L.;
RT "A novel prothymosin alpha cDNA from thymus.";
RL Submitted (FEB-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [6]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RC TISSUE=Cervix, Lung, PNS, Skin, and Testis;
RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG The MGC Project Team;
RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA
RT project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN [7]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-15.
RX PubMed=7916742; DOI=10.1007/BF00202480;
RA Szabo P., Panneerselvam C., Clinton M., Frangou-Lazaridis M.,
RA Weksler D., Whittington E., Macera M.J., Grzeschik K.H.,
RA Selvakumar A., Horecker B.L.;
RT "Prothymosin alpha gene in humans: organization of its promoter region
RT and localization to chromosome 2.";
RL Hum. Genet. 90:629-634(1993).
RN [8]
RP PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE.
RX PubMed=3532956; DOI=10.1016/0003-9861(86)90717-4;
RA Pan L.X., Haritos A.A., Wideman J., Komiyama T., Chang M., Stein S.,
RA Salvin S.B., Horecker B.L.;
RT "Human prothymosin alpha: amino acid sequence and immunologic
RT properties.";
RL Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 250:197-201(1986).
RN [9]
RP PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-2, AND ACETYLATION AT SER-2.
RX PubMed=8485135; DOI=10.1021/bi00068a015;
RA Sburlati A.R., De La Rosa A., Batey D.W., Kurys G.L., Manrow R.E.,
RA Pannell L.K., Martin B.M., Sheeley D.M., Berger S.L.;
RT "Phosphorylation of human and bovine prothymosin alpha in vivo.";
RL Biochemistry 32:4587-4596(1993).
RN [10]
RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, AND MASS
RP SPECTROMETRY.
RC TISSUE=Cervix carcinoma;
RX PubMed=17081983; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026;
RA Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P.,
RA Mann M.;
RT "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in
RT signaling networks.";
RL Cell 127:635-648(2006).
RN [11]
RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-107, AND MASS
RP SPECTROMETRY.
RC TISSUE=Cervix carcinoma;
RX PubMed=18669648; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0805139105;
RA Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E.,
RA Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.;
RT "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008).
RN [12]
RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RX PubMed=19413330; DOI=10.1021/ac9004309;
RA Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J.,
RA Mohammed S.;
RT "Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in
RT a refined SCX-based approach.";
RL Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009).
RN [13]
RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE
RP SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RX PubMed=19369195; DOI=10.1074/mcp.M800588-MCP200;
RA Oppermann F.S., Gnad F., Olsen J.V., Hornberger R., Greff Z., Keri G.,
RA Mann M., Daub H.;
RT "Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome.";
RL Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:1751-1764(2009).
RN [14]
RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2 AND THR-102, AND MASS
RP SPECTROMETRY.
RC TISSUE=Leukemic T-cell;
RX PubMed=19690332; DOI=10.1126/scisignal.2000007;
RA Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K.,
RA Rodionov V., Han D.K.;
RT "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling
RT reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.";
RL Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009).
RN [15]
RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2 AND LYS-15, AND MASS
RP SPECTROMETRY.
RX PubMed=19608861; DOI=10.1126/science.1175371;
RA Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M.,
RA Walther T.C., Olsen J.V., Mann M.;
RT "Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major
RT cellular functions.";
RL Science 325:834-840(2009).
RN [16]
RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT MET-1 AND SER-2, PHOSPHORYLATION
RP [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2 AND SER-9, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RC TISSUE=Cervix carcinoma;
RX PubMed=20068231; DOI=10.1126/scisignal.2000475;
RA Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L.,
RA Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S.,
RA Mann M.;
RT "Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full
RT phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.";
RL Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010).
RN [17]
RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RX PubMed=21269460; DOI=10.1186/1752-0509-5-17;
RA Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P.,
RA Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.;
RT "Initial characterization of the human central proteome.";
RL BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011).
RN [18]
RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE
RP SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2 AND SER-10, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RX PubMed=21406692; DOI=10.1126/scisignal.2001570;
RA Rigbolt K.T., Prokhorova T.A., Akimov V., Henningsen J.,
RA Johansen P.T., Kratchmarova I., Kassem M., Mann M., Olsen J.V.,
RA Blagoev B.;
RT "System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and
RT phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation.";
RL Sci. Signal. 4:RS3-RS3(2011).
RN [19]
RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY.
RX PubMed=22814378; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1210303109;
RA Van Damme P., Lasa M., Polevoda B., Gazquez C., Elosegui-Artola A.,
RA Kim D.S., De Juan-Pardo E., Demeyer K., Hole K., Larrea E.,
RA Timmerman E., Prieto J., Arnesen T., Sherman F., Gevaert K.,
RA Aldabe R.;
RT "N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-
RT terminal acetyltransferase NatB.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:12449-12454(2012).
RN [20]
RP STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 2-29, AND ACETYLATION AT SER-2.
RX PubMed=22115779; DOI=10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.041;
RA Elizondo-Riojas M.A., Chamow S.M., Tuthill C.W., Gorenstein D.G.,
RA Volk D.E.;
RT "NMR structure of human thymosin alpha-1.";
RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 416:356-361(2011).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Prothymosin alpha may mediate immune function by
CC conferring resistance to certain opportunistic infections.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC Name=1;
CC IsoId=P06454-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=2;
CC IsoId=P06454-2; Sequence=VSP_011508;
CC -!- PTM: Covalently linked to a small RNA of about 20 nucleotides (By
CC similarity).
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pro/parathymosin family.
CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology
CC and Haematology;
CC URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/PTMAID44094ch2q37.html";
CC -----------------------------------------------------------------------
CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see http://www.uniprot.org/terms
CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License
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DR EMBL; M14630; AAA61182.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; M14483; AAA61183.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; M67480; AAA63240.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; J04797; AAA63240.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; M67480; AAA63239.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; J04797; AAA63239.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; M26708; AAA60213.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF348514; AAK30146.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC051265; AAH51265.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC066905; AAH66905.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC070480; AAH70480.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC071647; AAH71647.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; BC071879; AAH71879.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; S56449; AAD13882.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR PIR; A42004; TNHUA.
DR PIR; C33356; C33356.
DR RefSeq; NP_001092755.1; NM_001099285.1.
DR RefSeq; NP_002814.3; NM_002823.4.
DR UniGene; Hs.459927; -.
DR PDB; 2L9I; NMR; -; A=2-29.
DR PDBsum; 2L9I; -.
DR ProteinModelPortal; P06454; -.
DR SMR; P06454; 2-29.
DR IntAct; P06454; 5.
DR MINT; MINT-138772; -.
DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000344547; -.
DR PhosphoSite; P06454; -.
DR DMDM; 135834; -.
DR PaxDb; P06454; -.
DR PRIDE; P06454; -.
DR DNASU; 5757; -.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000341369; ENSP00000344547; ENSG00000187514.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000409115; ENSP00000386819; ENSG00000187514.
DR GeneID; 5757; -.
DR KEGG; hsa:5757; -.
DR UCSC; uc002vsc.4; human.
DR CTD; 5757; -.
DR GeneCards; GC02P232536; -.
DR HGNC; HGNC:9623; PTMA.
DR HPA; HPA047183; -.
DR MIM; 188390; gene.
DR neXtProt; NX_P06454; -.
DR PharmGKB; PA33966; -.
DR eggNOG; NOG259527; -.
DR HOGENOM; HOG000089972; -.
DR KO; K13784; -.
DR ChiTaRS; PTMA; human.
DR GeneWiki; Thymosin_%CE%B11; -.
DR GenomeRNAi; 5757; -.
DR NextBio; 22406; -.
DR PMAP-CutDB; P06454; -.
DR PRO; PR:P06454; -.
DR ArrayExpress; P06454; -.
DR Bgee; P06454; -.
DR CleanEx; HS_PTMA; -.
DR Genevestigator; P06454; -.
DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IDA:HPA.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:HPA.
DR GO; GO:0006351; P:transcription, DNA-dependent; TAS:ProtInc.
DR InterPro; IPR004931; Pro/parathymosin.
DR PANTHER; PTHR22745; PTHR22745; 1.
DR Pfam; PF03247; Prothymosin; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW 3D-structure; Acetylation; Alternative splicing; Complete proteome;
KW Direct protein sequencing; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein;
KW Reference proteome.
FT CHAIN 1 111 Prothymosin alpha.
FT /FTId=PRO_0000423255.
FT INIT_MET 1 1 Removed; alternate.
FT CHAIN 2 111 Prothymosin alpha, N-terminally
FT processed.
FT /FTId=PRO_0000299250.
FT PEPTIDE 2 29 Thymosin alpha-1.
FT /FTId=PRO_0000029865.
FT COMPBIAS 42 101 Asp/Glu-rich (acidic).
FT MOD_RES 1 1 N-acetylmethionine.
FT MOD_RES 2 2 N-acetylserine; in Prothymosin alpha, N-
FT terminally processed.
FT MOD_RES 2 2 Phosphoserine.
FT MOD_RES 8 8 Phosphothreonine (By similarity).
FT MOD_RES 9 9 Phosphoserine.
FT MOD_RES 10 10 Phosphoserine.
FT MOD_RES 13 13 Phosphothreonine (By similarity).
FT MOD_RES 14 14 Phosphothreonine (By similarity).
FT MOD_RES 15 15 N6-acetyllysine.
FT MOD_RES 102 102 Phosphothreonine.
FT MOD_RES 107 107 Phosphothreonine.
FT VAR_SEQ 40 40 Missing (in isoform 2).
FT /FTId=VSP_011508.
FT HELIX 3 6
FT HELIX 9 28
SQ SEQUENCE 111 AA; 12203 MW; 910BBF9D8D14B8E7 CRC64;
MSDAAVDTSS EITTKDLKEK KEVVEEAENG RDAPANGNAE NEENGEQEAD NEVDEEEEEG
GEEEEEEEEG DGEEEDGDED EEAESATGKR AAEDDEDDDV DTKKQKTDED D
//
MIM
188390
*RECORD*
*FIELD* NO
188390
*FIELD* TI
*188390 PROTHYMOSIN, ALPHA; PTMA
;;THYMOSIN, ALPHA
*FIELD* TX
CLONING
The thymus gland produces several hormones or hormone-like substances
read morewhich are derived from a polypeptide precursor containing (in the rat)
113 amino acids and known as prothymosin-alpha. A peptide containing 28
amino acid residues, named thymosin-alpha-1, was originally isolated
from calf thymosin fraction 5 and shown to restore various aspects of
immune function in several in vitro and in vivo test systems.
Thymosin-alpha-1 was subsequently isolated from a similar fraction from
human thymosin and reported to have the same amino acid sequence as
bovine thymosin-alpha-1. Haritos et al. (1984) isolated from fresh rat
thymus a larger polypeptide named prothymosin-alpha, which contains the
thymosin-alpha-1 sequence at its NH2 terminus. Prothymosin-alpha has
also been isolated from human thymus. Goodall et al. (1986) constructed
a cDNA library from human spleen mRNA and screened for clones containing
cDNAs coding for prothymosin-alpha. Eschenfeldt and Berger (1986)
identified cDNA clones for human prothymosin-alpha in cDNA libraries
from staphylococcal endotoxin A-stimulated normal human lymphocytes. The
encoded protein was found to be highly acidic (54 residues out of 111)
and shared over 90% sequence homology with rat prothymosin-alpha. The
peptide hormone thymosin-alpha-1 appeared at positions 2-29 of the
prothymosin-alpha amino acid sequence. Manrow et al. (1992) concluded
that of the 6 members of the prothymosin-alpha gene family that have
been cloned and sequenced, only one is functional. Szabo et al. (1993)
isolated a genomic clone encoding PTMA and subcloned and sequenced the
5-prime regulatory region.
GENE FUNCTION
Jiang et al. (2003) identified a pathway that regulates
mitochondria-initiated caspase activity. In this pathway, PHAP (600832)
protein promoted caspase-9 (602234) activation after apoptosome
formation, whereas PTMA negatively regulated caspase-9 activation by
inhibiting apoptosome formation. A small molecular activator of
caspase-3 (600636), PETCM, relieved PTMA inhibition and allowed
apoptosome formation at a physiologic concentration of dATP. Elimination
of PTMA expression by RNA interference sensitized cells to ultraviolet
irradiation-induced apoptosis and negated the requirement of PETCM for
caspase activation.
MAPPING
Szabo et al. (1993) used a 5-prime flanking cloned probe to localize the
prothymosin gene to human chromosome 2 by Southern analysis of somatic
cell hybrids.
*FIELD* RF
1. Eschenfeldt, W. H.; Berger, S. L.: The human prothymosin alpha
gene is polymorphic and induced upon growth stimulation: evidence
using a cloned cDNA. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 83: 9403-9407, 1986.
2. Goodall, G. J.; Dominguez, F.; Horecker, B. L.: Molecular cloning
of cDNA for human prothymosin alpha. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 83: 8926-8928,
1986.
3. Haritos, A. A.; Goodall, G. J.; Horecker, B. L.: Prothymosin alpha:
isolation and properties of the major immunoreactive form of thymosin
alpha-1 in rat thymus. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 81: 1008-1011, 1984.
4. Jiang, X.; Kim, H.-E.; Shu, H.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, H.; Kofron, J.;
Donnelly, J.; Burns, D.; Ng, S.; Rosenberg, S.; Wang, X.: Distinctive
roles of PHAP proteins and prothymosin-alpha in a death regulatory
pathway. Science 299: 223-226, 2003.
5. Manrow, R. E.; Leone, A.; Krug, M. S.; Eschenfeldt, W. H.; Berger,
S. L.: The human prothymosin alpha gene family contains several processed
pseudogenes lacking deleterious lesions. Genomics 13: 319-331, 1992.
6. Szabo, P.; Panneerselvam, C.; Clinton, M.; Frangou-Lazaridis, M.;
Weksler, D.; Whittington, E.; Macera, M. J.; Grzeschik, K.-H.; Selvakumar,
A.; Horecker, B. L.: Prothymosin alpha-gene in humans: organization
of its promoter region and localization to chromosome 2. Hum. Genet. 90:
629-634, 1993. Note: Erratum: Hum. Genet. 92: 104 only, 1993.
*FIELD* CN
Ada Hamosh - updated: 2/6/2003
*FIELD* CD
Victor A. McKusick: 1/7/1987
*FIELD* ED
terry: 10/04/2012
alopez: 2/11/2003
terry: 2/6/2003
carol: 10/9/1998
carol: 4/27/1993
carol: 6/1/1992
supermim: 3/16/1992
carol: 9/14/1990
supermim: 3/20/1990
ddp: 10/27/1989
*RECORD*
*FIELD* NO
188390
*FIELD* TI
*188390 PROTHYMOSIN, ALPHA; PTMA
;;THYMOSIN, ALPHA
*FIELD* TX
CLONING
The thymus gland produces several hormones or hormone-like substances
read morewhich are derived from a polypeptide precursor containing (in the rat)
113 amino acids and known as prothymosin-alpha. A peptide containing 28
amino acid residues, named thymosin-alpha-1, was originally isolated
from calf thymosin fraction 5 and shown to restore various aspects of
immune function in several in vitro and in vivo test systems.
Thymosin-alpha-1 was subsequently isolated from a similar fraction from
human thymosin and reported to have the same amino acid sequence as
bovine thymosin-alpha-1. Haritos et al. (1984) isolated from fresh rat
thymus a larger polypeptide named prothymosin-alpha, which contains the
thymosin-alpha-1 sequence at its NH2 terminus. Prothymosin-alpha has
also been isolated from human thymus. Goodall et al. (1986) constructed
a cDNA library from human spleen mRNA and screened for clones containing
cDNAs coding for prothymosin-alpha. Eschenfeldt and Berger (1986)
identified cDNA clones for human prothymosin-alpha in cDNA libraries
from staphylococcal endotoxin A-stimulated normal human lymphocytes. The
encoded protein was found to be highly acidic (54 residues out of 111)
and shared over 90% sequence homology with rat prothymosin-alpha. The
peptide hormone thymosin-alpha-1 appeared at positions 2-29 of the
prothymosin-alpha amino acid sequence. Manrow et al. (1992) concluded
that of the 6 members of the prothymosin-alpha gene family that have
been cloned and sequenced, only one is functional. Szabo et al. (1993)
isolated a genomic clone encoding PTMA and subcloned and sequenced the
5-prime regulatory region.
GENE FUNCTION
Jiang et al. (2003) identified a pathway that regulates
mitochondria-initiated caspase activity. In this pathway, PHAP (600832)
protein promoted caspase-9 (602234) activation after apoptosome
formation, whereas PTMA negatively regulated caspase-9 activation by
inhibiting apoptosome formation. A small molecular activator of
caspase-3 (600636), PETCM, relieved PTMA inhibition and allowed
apoptosome formation at a physiologic concentration of dATP. Elimination
of PTMA expression by RNA interference sensitized cells to ultraviolet
irradiation-induced apoptosis and negated the requirement of PETCM for
caspase activation.
MAPPING
Szabo et al. (1993) used a 5-prime flanking cloned probe to localize the
prothymosin gene to human chromosome 2 by Southern analysis of somatic
cell hybrids.
*FIELD* RF
1. Eschenfeldt, W. H.; Berger, S. L.: The human prothymosin alpha
gene is polymorphic and induced upon growth stimulation: evidence
using a cloned cDNA. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 83: 9403-9407, 1986.
2. Goodall, G. J.; Dominguez, F.; Horecker, B. L.: Molecular cloning
of cDNA for human prothymosin alpha. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 83: 8926-8928,
1986.
3. Haritos, A. A.; Goodall, G. J.; Horecker, B. L.: Prothymosin alpha:
isolation and properties of the major immunoreactive form of thymosin
alpha-1 in rat thymus. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 81: 1008-1011, 1984.
4. Jiang, X.; Kim, H.-E.; Shu, H.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, H.; Kofron, J.;
Donnelly, J.; Burns, D.; Ng, S.; Rosenberg, S.; Wang, X.: Distinctive
roles of PHAP proteins and prothymosin-alpha in a death regulatory
pathway. Science 299: 223-226, 2003.
5. Manrow, R. E.; Leone, A.; Krug, M. S.; Eschenfeldt, W. H.; Berger,
S. L.: The human prothymosin alpha gene family contains several processed
pseudogenes lacking deleterious lesions. Genomics 13: 319-331, 1992.
6. Szabo, P.; Panneerselvam, C.; Clinton, M.; Frangou-Lazaridis, M.;
Weksler, D.; Whittington, E.; Macera, M. J.; Grzeschik, K.-H.; Selvakumar,
A.; Horecker, B. L.: Prothymosin alpha-gene in humans: organization
of its promoter region and localization to chromosome 2. Hum. Genet. 90:
629-634, 1993. Note: Erratum: Hum. Genet. 92: 104 only, 1993.
*FIELD* CN
Ada Hamosh - updated: 2/6/2003
*FIELD* CD
Victor A. McKusick: 1/7/1987
*FIELD* ED
terry: 10/04/2012
alopez: 2/11/2003
terry: 2/6/2003
carol: 10/9/1998
carol: 4/27/1993
carol: 6/1/1992
supermim: 3/16/1992
carol: 9/14/1990
supermim: 3/20/1990
ddp: 10/27/1989