Full text data of CARD8
CARD8
(KIAA0955, NDPP1)
[Confidence: low (only semi-automatic identification from reviews)]
Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (Apoptotic protein NDPP1; CARD-inhibitor of NF-kappa-B-activating ligand; CARDINAL; DACAR; Tumor up-regulated CARD-containing antagonist of CASP9; TUCAN)
Note: presumably soluble (membrane word is not in UniProt keywords or features)
Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (Apoptotic protein NDPP1; CARD-inhibitor of NF-kappa-B-activating ligand; CARDINAL; DACAR; Tumor up-regulated CARD-containing antagonist of CASP9; TUCAN)
Note: presumably soluble (membrane word is not in UniProt keywords or features)
UniProt
Q9Y2G2
ID CARD8_HUMAN Reviewed; 431 AA.
AC Q9Y2G2; B5KVR6; B7Z496; B7Z4A2; E9PEM7; G3XAM9; Q6PGP8; Q96P82;
read moreDT 20-JUN-2001, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-NOV-1999, sequence version 1.
DT 22-JAN-2014, entry version 120.
DE RecName: Full=Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8;
DE AltName: Full=Apoptotic protein NDPP1;
DE AltName: Full=CARD-inhibitor of NF-kappa-B-activating ligand;
DE Short=CARDINAL;
DE AltName: Full=DACAR;
DE AltName: Full=Tumor up-regulated CARD-containing antagonist of CASP9;
DE Short=TUCAN;
GN Name=CARD8; Synonyms=KIAA0955, NDPP1;
OS Homo sapiens (Human).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
OC Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RC TISSUE=Brain;
RX PubMed=10231032; DOI=10.1093/dnares/6.1.63;
RA Nagase T., Ishikawa K., Suyama M., Kikuno R., Hirosawa M.,
RA Miyajima N., Tanaka A., Kotani H., Nomura N., Ohara O.;
RT "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIII.
RT The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code
RT for large proteins in vitro.";
RL DNA Res. 6:63-70(1999).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), AND INTERACTION WITH CARD16
RP AND CARD18.
RX PubMed=11821383; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M107811200;
RA Razmara M., Srinivasula S.M., Wang L., Poyet J.-L., Geddes B.J.,
RA DiStefano P.S., Bertin J., Alnemri E.S.;
RT "CARD-8 protein, a new CARD family member that regulates caspase-1
RT activation and apoptosis.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 277:13952-13958(2002).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RX PubMed=11956601;
RA Zhang H., Fu W.;
RT "NDPP1 is a novel CARD domain containing protein which can inhibit
RT apoptosis and suppress NF-kappaB activation.";
RL Int. J. Oncol. 20:1035-1040(2002).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RA Guiet C., Vito P.;
RT "DACAR, a novel CARD-containing protein.";
RL Submitted (JAN-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RX PubMed=11551959; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M107373200;
RA Bouchier-Hayes L., Conroy H., Egan H., Adrain C., Creagh E.M.,
RA MacFarlane M., Martin S.J.;
RT "CARDINAL, a novel caspase recruitment domain protein, is an inhibitor
RT of multiple NF-kappa B activation pathways.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 276:44069-44077(2001).
RN [6]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 5), AND ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
RX PubMed=18212821; DOI=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201996;
RA Bagnall R.D., Roberts R.G., Mirza M.M., Torigoe T., Prescott N.J.,
RA Mathew C.G.;
RT "Novel isoforms of the CARD8 (TUCAN) gene evade a nonsense mutation.";
RL Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 16:619-625(2008).
RN [7]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RC TISSUE=Kidney;
RA Guo J.H., Yu L.;
RL Submitted (MAY-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [8]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 3 AND 4), AND
RP VARIANTS VAL-68 AND ALA-99.
RC TISSUE=Umbilical cord blood;
RX PubMed=14702039; DOI=10.1038/ng1285;
RA Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R.,
RA Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H.,
RA Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S.,
RA Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K.,
RA Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A.,
RA Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M.,
RA Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y.,
RA Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M.,
RA Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K.,
RA Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S.,
RA Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J.,
RA Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y.,
RA Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N.,
RA Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S.,
RA Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S.,
RA Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O.,
RA Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H.,
RA Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B.,
RA Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y.,
RA Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T.,
RA Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y.,
RA Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S.,
RA Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T.,
RA Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M.,
RA Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T.,
RA Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K.,
RA Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R.,
RA Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S.;
RT "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human
RT cDNAs.";
RL Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004).
RN [9]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=15057824; DOI=10.1038/nature02399;
RA Grimwood J., Gordon L.A., Olsen A.S., Terry A., Schmutz J.,
RA Lamerdin J.E., Hellsten U., Goodstein D., Couronne O., Tran-Gyamfi M.,
RA Aerts A., Altherr M., Ashworth L., Bajorek E., Black S., Branscomb E.,
RA Caenepeel S., Carrano A.V., Caoile C., Chan Y.M., Christensen M.,
RA Cleland C.A., Copeland A., Dalin E., Dehal P., Denys M., Detter J.C.,
RA Escobar J., Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Garcia C., Georgescu A.M.,
RA Glavina T., Gomez M., Gonzales E., Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T.,
RA Haydu L., Ho I., Huang W., Israni S., Jett J., Kadner K., Kimball H.,
RA Kobayashi A., Larionov V., Leem S.-H., Lopez F., Lou Y., Lowry S.,
RA Malfatti S., Martinez D., McCready P.M., Medina C., Morgan J.,
RA Nelson K., Nolan M., Ovcharenko I., Pitluck S., Pollard M.,
RA Popkie A.P., Predki P., Quan G., Ramirez L., Rash S., Retterer J.,
RA Rodriguez A., Rogers S., Salamov A., Salazar A., She X., Smith D.,
RA Slezak T., Solovyev V., Thayer N., Tice H., Tsai M., Ustaszewska A.,
RA Vo N., Wagner M., Wheeler J., Wu K., Xie G., Yang J., Dubchak I.,
RA Furey T.S., DeJong P., Dickson M., Gordon D., Eichler E.E.,
RA Pennacchio L.A., Richardson P., Stubbs L., Rokhsar D.S., Myers R.M.,
RA Rubin E.M., Lucas S.M.;
RT "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.";
RL Nature 428:529-535(2004).
RN [10]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RA Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L.,
RA Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R.,
RA Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V.,
RA Hannenhalli S., Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R.,
RA Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H.,
RA Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G.,
RA Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W.,
RA Venter J.C.;
RL Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [11]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3).
RC TISSUE=Eye;
RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG The MGC Project Team;
RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA
RT project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN [12]
RP CHARACTERIZATION.
RX PubMed=11408476; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M100433200;
RA Pathan N., Marusawa H., Krajewska M., Matsuzawa S., Kim H., Okada K.,
RA Torii S., Kitada S., Krajewski S., Welsh K., Pio F., Godzik A.,
RA Reed J.C.;
RT "TUCAN, an antiapoptotic caspase-associated recruitment domain family
RT protein overexpressed in cancer.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 276:32220-32229(2001).
RN [13]
RP CHARACTERIZATION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF LEU-366.
RX PubMed=12067710; DOI=10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02869-7;
RA Stilo R., Leonardi A., Formisano L., Di Jeso B., Vito P., Liguoro D.;
RT "TUCAN/CARDINAL and DRAL participate in a common pathway for
RT modulation of NF-kappaB activation.";
RL FEBS Lett. 521:165-169(2002).
RN [14]
RP INTERACTION WITH NALP2, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX PubMed=15030775; DOI=10.1016/S1074-7613(04)00046-9;
RA Agostini L., Martinon F., Burns K., McDermott M.F., Hawkins P.N.,
RA Tschopp J.;
RT "NALP3 forms an IL-1beta-processing inflammasome with increased
RT activity in Muckle-Wells autoinflammatory disorder.";
RL Immunity 20:319-325(2004).
RN [15]
RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.46 ANGSTROMS) OF 345-431.
RX PubMed=23695559; DOI=10.1107/S1744309113010075;
RA Jin T., Huang M., Smith P., Jiang J., Xiao T.S.;
RT "The structure of the CARD8 caspase-recruitment domain suggests its
RT association with the FIIND domain and procaspases through adjacent
RT surfaces.";
RL Acta Crystallogr. F 69:482-487(2013).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Inhibits NF-kappa-B activation. May participate in a
CC regulatory mechanism that coordinates cellular responses
CC controlled by NF-kappa-B transcription factor. May be a component
CC of the inflammasome, a protein complex which also includes PYCARD,
CC NALP2 and CASP1 and whose function would be the activation of
CC proinflammatory caspases.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: May form homodimers. Interacts with NEMO and DRAL. Binds
CC to caspase-1, CARD16/pseudo-ICE and CARD18/ICEBERG. Interacts with
CC FNBP3 (By similarity). Interacts with NALP2 NACHT domain.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=5;
CC Name=1; Synonyms=Long;
CC IsoId=Q9Y2G2-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=2; Synonyms=Short;
CC IsoId=Q9Y2G2-2; Sequence=VSP_000782, VSP_000783;
CC Name=3;
CC IsoId=Q9Y2G2-3; Sequence=VSP_012770, VSP_012771, VSP_000782,
CC VSP_000783;
CC Name=4;
CC IsoId=Q9Y2G2-4; Sequence=VSP_045253, VSP_012771;
CC Note=No experimental confirmation available;
CC Name=5; Synonyms=T60;
CC IsoId=Q9Y2G2-5; Sequence=VSP_012770, VSP_012771;
CC Note=Ref.6 (ABW96891) sequence is in conflict in positions:
CC 84:D->G, 107:E->D;
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: High expression in lung, ovary, testis and
CC placenta. Lower expression in heart, kidney and liver. Also
CC expressed in spleen, lymph node and bone marrow.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Contains 1 CARD domain.
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC Sequence=BAA76799.2; Type=Erroneous initiation;
CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology
CC and Haematology;
CC URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/CARD8ID913ch19q13.html";
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DR EMBL; AB023172; BAA76799.2; ALT_INIT; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF322184; AAG50014.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF331519; AAK01126.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY026322; AAK08982.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF405558; AAL02427.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; EU118120; ABW96891.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF511652; AAM46959.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AK297045; BAH12482.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AK297069; BAH12488.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AC008392; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC011466; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CH471177; EAW52321.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CH471177; EAW52323.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; BC056891; AAH56891.1; -; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001171829.1; NM_001184900.1.
DR RefSeq; NP_001171830.1; NM_001184901.1.
DR RefSeq; NP_001171831.1; NM_001184902.1.
DR RefSeq; NP_001171832.1; NM_001184903.1.
DR RefSeq; NP_055774.2; NM_014959.3.
DR UniGene; Hs.446146; -.
DR UniGene; Hs.655940; -.
DR PDB; 4IKM; X-ray; 2.46 A; A=345-431.
DR PDBsum; 4IKM; -.
DR ProteinModelPortal; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR SMR; Q9Y2G2; 345-431.
DR IntAct; Q9Y2G2; 4.
DR MINT; MINT-202188; -.
DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000351901; -.
DR MEROPS; S79.001; -.
DR DMDM; 14424229; -.
DR PaxDb; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR PRIDE; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000359009; ENSP00000351901; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000391898; ENSP00000375767; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000447740; ENSP00000391248; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000519940; ENSP00000428883; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000520015; ENSP00000430747; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000520153; ENSP00000428736; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000520753; ENSP00000429839; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000521613; ENSP00000427858; ENSG00000105483.
DR GeneID; 22900; -.
DR KEGG; hsa:22900; -.
DR UCSC; uc010xzj.2; human.
DR CTD; 22900; -.
DR GeneCards; GC19M048711; -.
DR H-InvDB; HIX0020041; -.
DR HGNC; HGNC:17057; CARD8.
DR HPA; HPA042071; -.
DR HPA; HPA043513; -.
DR MIM; 609051; gene.
DR neXtProt; NX_Q9Y2G2; -.
DR PharmGKB; PA134916154; -.
DR eggNOG; NOG146295; -.
DR HOVERGEN; HBG050795; -.
DR KO; K12801; -.
DR OMA; HHEQWLV; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR ChiTaRS; CARD8; human.
DR GeneWiki; CARD8; -.
DR GenomeRNAi; 22900; -.
DR NextBio; 43531; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q9Y2G2; -.
DR ArrayExpress; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR Bgee; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR CleanEx; HS_CARD8; -.
DR Genevestigator; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IDA:HGNC.
DR GO; GO:0072559; C:NLRP3 inflammasome complex; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:HGNC.
DR GO; GO:0008656; F:cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process; IDA:HGNC.
DR GO; GO:0042803; F:protein homodimerization activity; IDA:HGNC.
DR GO; GO:0043124; P:negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; IDA:HGNC.
DR GO; GO:0050718; P:positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion; IDA:HGNC.
DR Gene3D; 1.10.533.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR001315; CARD.
DR InterPro; IPR011029; DEATH-like_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR025307; FIIND_dom.
DR Pfam; PF00619; CARD; 1.
DR Pfam; PF13553; FIIND; 1.
DR SMART; SM00114; CARD; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF47986; SSF47986; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50209; CARD; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW 3D-structure; Alternative splicing; Apoptosis; Complete proteome;
KW Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Polymorphism; Reference proteome.
FT CHAIN 1 431 Caspase recruitment domain-containing
FT protein 8.
FT /FTId=PRO_0000144080.
FT DOMAIN 340 430 CARD.
FT VAR_SEQ 1 25 MMRQRQSHYCSVLFLSVNYLGGTFP -> MEKKECPEKSSS
FT SEEELPRRDSGSSRNIDASKLIRLQGSRKLLVDNSIRELQY
FT TKTGIFFQAEACVTNDTVYRELPCVSETLCDISHFFQEDDE
FT TEAEPLLFRAVPECQLSGGDIPSVSEEQESSEGQDS (in
FT isoform 3 and isoform 5).
FT /FTId=VSP_012770.
FT VAR_SEQ 1 25 MMRQRQSHYCSVLFLSVNYLGGTFP -> MEKKECPEKSSS
FT SEEELPRRVYRELPCVSETLCDISHFFQEDDETEAEPLLFR
FT AVPECQLSGGDIPSVSEEQESSEGQDS (in isoform
FT 4).
FT /FTId=VSP_045253.
FT VAR_SEQ 152 152 Q -> QA (in isoform 3, isoform 4 and
FT isoform 5).
FT /FTId=VSP_012771.
FT VAR_SEQ 282 286 ELKLS -> WISSL (in isoform 2 and isoform
FT 3).
FT /FTId=VSP_000782.
FT VAR_SEQ 287 431 Missing (in isoform 2 and isoform 3).
FT /FTId=VSP_000783.
FT VARIANT 68 68 I -> V (in dbSNP:rs11881179).
FT /FTId=VAR_048606.
FT VARIANT 99 99 E -> A (in dbSNP:rs59878320).
FT /FTId=VAR_061079.
FT MUTAGEN 366 366 L->R: Inhibits homodimer formation.
FT CONFLICT 60 60 E -> G (in Ref. 5; AAL02427).
FT CONFLICT 148 148 F -> S (in Ref. 11; AAH56891).
FT CONFLICT 219 219 P -> R (in Ref. 8; BAH12488).
FT CONFLICT 326 326 V -> M (in Ref. 5; AAL02427).
FT CONFLICT 417 417 E -> G (in Ref. 6; ABW96891).
FT CONFLICT 422 422 L -> P (in Ref. 5; AAL02427).
FT HELIX 345 350
FT HELIX 352 358
FT HELIX 363 371
FT HELIX 377 385
FT STRAND 386 388
FT HELIX 389 401
FT HELIX 405 418
FT HELIX 420 431
SQ SEQUENCE 431 AA; 48933 MW; CB54D130807732E6 CRC64;
MMRQRQSHYC SVLFLSVNYL GGTFPGDICS EENQIVSSYA SKVCFEIEED YKNRQFLGPE
GNVDVELIDK STNRYSVWFP TAGWYLWSAT GLGFLVRDEV TVTIAFGSWS QHLALDLQHH
EQWLVGGPLF DVTAEPEEAV AEIHLPHFIS LQGEVDVSWF LVAHFKNEGM VLEHPARVEP
FYAVLESPSF SLMGILLRIA SGTRLSIPIT SNTLIYYHPH PEDIKFHLYL VPSDALLTKA
IDDEEDRFHG VRLQTSPPME PLNFGSSYIV SNSANLKVMP KELKLSYRSP GEIQHFSKFY
AGQMKEPIQL EITEKRHGTL VWDTEVKPVD LQLVAASAPP PFSGAAFVKE NHRQLQARMG
DLKGVLDDLQ DNEVLTENEK ELVEQEKTRQ SKNEALLSMV EKKGDLALDV LFRSISERDP
YLVSYLRQQN L
//
ID CARD8_HUMAN Reviewed; 431 AA.
AC Q9Y2G2; B5KVR6; B7Z496; B7Z4A2; E9PEM7; G3XAM9; Q6PGP8; Q96P82;
read moreDT 20-JUN-2001, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-NOV-1999, sequence version 1.
DT 22-JAN-2014, entry version 120.
DE RecName: Full=Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8;
DE AltName: Full=Apoptotic protein NDPP1;
DE AltName: Full=CARD-inhibitor of NF-kappa-B-activating ligand;
DE Short=CARDINAL;
DE AltName: Full=DACAR;
DE AltName: Full=Tumor up-regulated CARD-containing antagonist of CASP9;
DE Short=TUCAN;
GN Name=CARD8; Synonyms=KIAA0955, NDPP1;
OS Homo sapiens (Human).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
OC Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RC TISSUE=Brain;
RX PubMed=10231032; DOI=10.1093/dnares/6.1.63;
RA Nagase T., Ishikawa K., Suyama M., Kikuno R., Hirosawa M.,
RA Miyajima N., Tanaka A., Kotani H., Nomura N., Ohara O.;
RT "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIII.
RT The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code
RT for large proteins in vitro.";
RL DNA Res. 6:63-70(1999).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), AND INTERACTION WITH CARD16
RP AND CARD18.
RX PubMed=11821383; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M107811200;
RA Razmara M., Srinivasula S.M., Wang L., Poyet J.-L., Geddes B.J.,
RA DiStefano P.S., Bertin J., Alnemri E.S.;
RT "CARD-8 protein, a new CARD family member that regulates caspase-1
RT activation and apoptosis.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 277:13952-13958(2002).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RX PubMed=11956601;
RA Zhang H., Fu W.;
RT "NDPP1 is a novel CARD domain containing protein which can inhibit
RT apoptosis and suppress NF-kappaB activation.";
RL Int. J. Oncol. 20:1035-1040(2002).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RA Guiet C., Vito P.;
RT "DACAR, a novel CARD-containing protein.";
RL Submitted (JAN-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RX PubMed=11551959; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M107373200;
RA Bouchier-Hayes L., Conroy H., Egan H., Adrain C., Creagh E.M.,
RA MacFarlane M., Martin S.J.;
RT "CARDINAL, a novel caspase recruitment domain protein, is an inhibitor
RT of multiple NF-kappa B activation pathways.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 276:44069-44077(2001).
RN [6]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 5), AND ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
RX PubMed=18212821; DOI=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201996;
RA Bagnall R.D., Roberts R.G., Mirza M.M., Torigoe T., Prescott N.J.,
RA Mathew C.G.;
RT "Novel isoforms of the CARD8 (TUCAN) gene evade a nonsense mutation.";
RL Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 16:619-625(2008).
RN [7]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RC TISSUE=Kidney;
RA Guo J.H., Yu L.;
RL Submitted (MAY-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [8]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 3 AND 4), AND
RP VARIANTS VAL-68 AND ALA-99.
RC TISSUE=Umbilical cord blood;
RX PubMed=14702039; DOI=10.1038/ng1285;
RA Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R.,
RA Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H.,
RA Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S.,
RA Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K.,
RA Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A.,
RA Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M.,
RA Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y.,
RA Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M.,
RA Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K.,
RA Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S.,
RA Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J.,
RA Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y.,
RA Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N.,
RA Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S.,
RA Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S.,
RA Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O.,
RA Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H.,
RA Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B.,
RA Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y.,
RA Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T.,
RA Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y.,
RA Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S.,
RA Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T.,
RA Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M.,
RA Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T.,
RA Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K.,
RA Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R.,
RA Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S.;
RT "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human
RT cDNAs.";
RL Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004).
RN [9]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=15057824; DOI=10.1038/nature02399;
RA Grimwood J., Gordon L.A., Olsen A.S., Terry A., Schmutz J.,
RA Lamerdin J.E., Hellsten U., Goodstein D., Couronne O., Tran-Gyamfi M.,
RA Aerts A., Altherr M., Ashworth L., Bajorek E., Black S., Branscomb E.,
RA Caenepeel S., Carrano A.V., Caoile C., Chan Y.M., Christensen M.,
RA Cleland C.A., Copeland A., Dalin E., Dehal P., Denys M., Detter J.C.,
RA Escobar J., Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Garcia C., Georgescu A.M.,
RA Glavina T., Gomez M., Gonzales E., Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T.,
RA Haydu L., Ho I., Huang W., Israni S., Jett J., Kadner K., Kimball H.,
RA Kobayashi A., Larionov V., Leem S.-H., Lopez F., Lou Y., Lowry S.,
RA Malfatti S., Martinez D., McCready P.M., Medina C., Morgan J.,
RA Nelson K., Nolan M., Ovcharenko I., Pitluck S., Pollard M.,
RA Popkie A.P., Predki P., Quan G., Ramirez L., Rash S., Retterer J.,
RA Rodriguez A., Rogers S., Salamov A., Salazar A., She X., Smith D.,
RA Slezak T., Solovyev V., Thayer N., Tice H., Tsai M., Ustaszewska A.,
RA Vo N., Wagner M., Wheeler J., Wu K., Xie G., Yang J., Dubchak I.,
RA Furey T.S., DeJong P., Dickson M., Gordon D., Eichler E.E.,
RA Pennacchio L.A., Richardson P., Stubbs L., Rokhsar D.S., Myers R.M.,
RA Rubin E.M., Lucas S.M.;
RT "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.";
RL Nature 428:529-535(2004).
RN [10]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RA Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L.,
RA Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R.,
RA Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V.,
RA Hannenhalli S., Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R.,
RA Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H.,
RA Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G.,
RA Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W.,
RA Venter J.C.;
RL Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [11]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3).
RC TISSUE=Eye;
RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG The MGC Project Team;
RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA
RT project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN [12]
RP CHARACTERIZATION.
RX PubMed=11408476; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M100433200;
RA Pathan N., Marusawa H., Krajewska M., Matsuzawa S., Kim H., Okada K.,
RA Torii S., Kitada S., Krajewski S., Welsh K., Pio F., Godzik A.,
RA Reed J.C.;
RT "TUCAN, an antiapoptotic caspase-associated recruitment domain family
RT protein overexpressed in cancer.";
RL J. Biol. Chem. 276:32220-32229(2001).
RN [13]
RP CHARACTERIZATION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF LEU-366.
RX PubMed=12067710; DOI=10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02869-7;
RA Stilo R., Leonardi A., Formisano L., Di Jeso B., Vito P., Liguoro D.;
RT "TUCAN/CARDINAL and DRAL participate in a common pathway for
RT modulation of NF-kappaB activation.";
RL FEBS Lett. 521:165-169(2002).
RN [14]
RP INTERACTION WITH NALP2, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX PubMed=15030775; DOI=10.1016/S1074-7613(04)00046-9;
RA Agostini L., Martinon F., Burns K., McDermott M.F., Hawkins P.N.,
RA Tschopp J.;
RT "NALP3 forms an IL-1beta-processing inflammasome with increased
RT activity in Muckle-Wells autoinflammatory disorder.";
RL Immunity 20:319-325(2004).
RN [15]
RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.46 ANGSTROMS) OF 345-431.
RX PubMed=23695559; DOI=10.1107/S1744309113010075;
RA Jin T., Huang M., Smith P., Jiang J., Xiao T.S.;
RT "The structure of the CARD8 caspase-recruitment domain suggests its
RT association with the FIIND domain and procaspases through adjacent
RT surfaces.";
RL Acta Crystallogr. F 69:482-487(2013).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Inhibits NF-kappa-B activation. May participate in a
CC regulatory mechanism that coordinates cellular responses
CC controlled by NF-kappa-B transcription factor. May be a component
CC of the inflammasome, a protein complex which also includes PYCARD,
CC NALP2 and CASP1 and whose function would be the activation of
CC proinflammatory caspases.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: May form homodimers. Interacts with NEMO and DRAL. Binds
CC to caspase-1, CARD16/pseudo-ICE and CARD18/ICEBERG. Interacts with
CC FNBP3 (By similarity). Interacts with NALP2 NACHT domain.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=5;
CC Name=1; Synonyms=Long;
CC IsoId=Q9Y2G2-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC Name=2; Synonyms=Short;
CC IsoId=Q9Y2G2-2; Sequence=VSP_000782, VSP_000783;
CC Name=3;
CC IsoId=Q9Y2G2-3; Sequence=VSP_012770, VSP_012771, VSP_000782,
CC VSP_000783;
CC Name=4;
CC IsoId=Q9Y2G2-4; Sequence=VSP_045253, VSP_012771;
CC Note=No experimental confirmation available;
CC Name=5; Synonyms=T60;
CC IsoId=Q9Y2G2-5; Sequence=VSP_012770, VSP_012771;
CC Note=Ref.6 (ABW96891) sequence is in conflict in positions:
CC 84:D->G, 107:E->D;
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: High expression in lung, ovary, testis and
CC placenta. Lower expression in heart, kidney and liver. Also
CC expressed in spleen, lymph node and bone marrow.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Contains 1 CARD domain.
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC Sequence=BAA76799.2; Type=Erroneous initiation;
CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology
CC and Haematology;
CC URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/CARD8ID913ch19q13.html";
CC -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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DR EMBL; AB023172; BAA76799.2; ALT_INIT; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF322184; AAG50014.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF331519; AAK01126.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AY026322; AAK08982.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF405558; AAL02427.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; EU118120; ABW96891.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AF511652; AAM46959.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AK297045; BAH12482.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AK297069; BAH12488.1; -; mRNA.
DR EMBL; AC008392; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; AC011466; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CH471177; EAW52321.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; CH471177; EAW52323.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; BC056891; AAH56891.1; -; mRNA.
DR RefSeq; NP_001171829.1; NM_001184900.1.
DR RefSeq; NP_001171830.1; NM_001184901.1.
DR RefSeq; NP_001171831.1; NM_001184902.1.
DR RefSeq; NP_001171832.1; NM_001184903.1.
DR RefSeq; NP_055774.2; NM_014959.3.
DR UniGene; Hs.446146; -.
DR UniGene; Hs.655940; -.
DR PDB; 4IKM; X-ray; 2.46 A; A=345-431.
DR PDBsum; 4IKM; -.
DR ProteinModelPortal; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR SMR; Q9Y2G2; 345-431.
DR IntAct; Q9Y2G2; 4.
DR MINT; MINT-202188; -.
DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000351901; -.
DR MEROPS; S79.001; -.
DR DMDM; 14424229; -.
DR PaxDb; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR PRIDE; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000359009; ENSP00000351901; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000391898; ENSP00000375767; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000447740; ENSP00000391248; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000519940; ENSP00000428883; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000520015; ENSP00000430747; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000520153; ENSP00000428736; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000520753; ENSP00000429839; ENSG00000105483.
DR Ensembl; ENST00000521613; ENSP00000427858; ENSG00000105483.
DR GeneID; 22900; -.
DR KEGG; hsa:22900; -.
DR UCSC; uc010xzj.2; human.
DR CTD; 22900; -.
DR GeneCards; GC19M048711; -.
DR H-InvDB; HIX0020041; -.
DR HGNC; HGNC:17057; CARD8.
DR HPA; HPA042071; -.
DR HPA; HPA043513; -.
DR MIM; 609051; gene.
DR neXtProt; NX_Q9Y2G2; -.
DR PharmGKB; PA134916154; -.
DR eggNOG; NOG146295; -.
DR HOVERGEN; HBG050795; -.
DR KO; K12801; -.
DR OMA; HHEQWLV; -.
DR PhylomeDB; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR ChiTaRS; CARD8; human.
DR GeneWiki; CARD8; -.
DR GenomeRNAi; 22900; -.
DR NextBio; 43531; -.
DR PRO; PR:Q9Y2G2; -.
DR ArrayExpress; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR Bgee; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR CleanEx; HS_CARD8; -.
DR Genevestigator; Q9Y2G2; -.
DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IDA:HGNC.
DR GO; GO:0072559; C:NLRP3 inflammasome complex; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:HGNC.
DR GO; GO:0008656; F:cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process; IDA:HGNC.
DR GO; GO:0042803; F:protein homodimerization activity; IDA:HGNC.
DR GO; GO:0043124; P:negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; IDA:HGNC.
DR GO; GO:0050718; P:positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion; IDA:HGNC.
DR Gene3D; 1.10.533.10; -; 1.
DR InterPro; IPR001315; CARD.
DR InterPro; IPR011029; DEATH-like_dom.
DR InterPro; IPR025307; FIIND_dom.
DR Pfam; PF00619; CARD; 1.
DR Pfam; PF13553; FIIND; 1.
DR SMART; SM00114; CARD; 1.
DR SUPFAM; SSF47986; SSF47986; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50209; CARD; 1.
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
KW 3D-structure; Alternative splicing; Apoptosis; Complete proteome;
KW Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Polymorphism; Reference proteome.
FT CHAIN 1 431 Caspase recruitment domain-containing
FT protein 8.
FT /FTId=PRO_0000144080.
FT DOMAIN 340 430 CARD.
FT VAR_SEQ 1 25 MMRQRQSHYCSVLFLSVNYLGGTFP -> MEKKECPEKSSS
FT SEEELPRRDSGSSRNIDASKLIRLQGSRKLLVDNSIRELQY
FT TKTGIFFQAEACVTNDTVYRELPCVSETLCDISHFFQEDDE
FT TEAEPLLFRAVPECQLSGGDIPSVSEEQESSEGQDS (in
FT isoform 3 and isoform 5).
FT /FTId=VSP_012770.
FT VAR_SEQ 1 25 MMRQRQSHYCSVLFLSVNYLGGTFP -> MEKKECPEKSSS
FT SEEELPRRVYRELPCVSETLCDISHFFQEDDETEAEPLLFR
FT AVPECQLSGGDIPSVSEEQESSEGQDS (in isoform
FT 4).
FT /FTId=VSP_045253.
FT VAR_SEQ 152 152 Q -> QA (in isoform 3, isoform 4 and
FT isoform 5).
FT /FTId=VSP_012771.
FT VAR_SEQ 282 286 ELKLS -> WISSL (in isoform 2 and isoform
FT 3).
FT /FTId=VSP_000782.
FT VAR_SEQ 287 431 Missing (in isoform 2 and isoform 3).
FT /FTId=VSP_000783.
FT VARIANT 68 68 I -> V (in dbSNP:rs11881179).
FT /FTId=VAR_048606.
FT VARIANT 99 99 E -> A (in dbSNP:rs59878320).
FT /FTId=VAR_061079.
FT MUTAGEN 366 366 L->R: Inhibits homodimer formation.
FT CONFLICT 60 60 E -> G (in Ref. 5; AAL02427).
FT CONFLICT 148 148 F -> S (in Ref. 11; AAH56891).
FT CONFLICT 219 219 P -> R (in Ref. 8; BAH12488).
FT CONFLICT 326 326 V -> M (in Ref. 5; AAL02427).
FT CONFLICT 417 417 E -> G (in Ref. 6; ABW96891).
FT CONFLICT 422 422 L -> P (in Ref. 5; AAL02427).
FT HELIX 345 350
FT HELIX 352 358
FT HELIX 363 371
FT HELIX 377 385
FT STRAND 386 388
FT HELIX 389 401
FT HELIX 405 418
FT HELIX 420 431
SQ SEQUENCE 431 AA; 48933 MW; CB54D130807732E6 CRC64;
MMRQRQSHYC SVLFLSVNYL GGTFPGDICS EENQIVSSYA SKVCFEIEED YKNRQFLGPE
GNVDVELIDK STNRYSVWFP TAGWYLWSAT GLGFLVRDEV TVTIAFGSWS QHLALDLQHH
EQWLVGGPLF DVTAEPEEAV AEIHLPHFIS LQGEVDVSWF LVAHFKNEGM VLEHPARVEP
FYAVLESPSF SLMGILLRIA SGTRLSIPIT SNTLIYYHPH PEDIKFHLYL VPSDALLTKA
IDDEEDRFHG VRLQTSPPME PLNFGSSYIV SNSANLKVMP KELKLSYRSP GEIQHFSKFY
AGQMKEPIQL EITEKRHGTL VWDTEVKPVD LQLVAASAPP PFSGAAFVKE NHRQLQARMG
DLKGVLDDLQ DNEVLTENEK ELVEQEKTRQ SKNEALLSMV EKKGDLALDV LFRSISERDP
YLVSYLRQQN L
//
MIM
609051
*RECORD*
*FIELD* NO
609051
*FIELD* TI
*609051 CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 8; CARD8
;;TUMOR-UPREGULATED CARD-CONTAINING ANTAGONIST OF CASP9; TUCAN;;
read moreCARD INHIBITOR OF NFKB-ACTIVATING LIGANDS; CARDINAL;;
NDPP1;;
KIAA0955
*FIELD* TX
DESCRIPTION
Caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing proteins, such as CARD8,
are involved in pathways leading to activation of caspases or nuclear
factor kappa-B (NFKB; see 164011) in the context of apoptosis or
inflammation, respectively (Bouchier-Hayes et al., 2001).
CLONING
By sequencing clones obtained from a size-fractionated human brain cDNA
library, Nagase et al. (1999) cloned CARD8, which they designated
KIAA0955. The transcript contains several repetitive elements in the
3-prime UTR, and the deduced protein contains 431 amino acids. RT-PCR
ELISA detected highest expression of CARD8 in kidney and corpus callosum
and lowest expression in pancreas. All other tissues and specific brain
regions examined showed intermediate expression.
By searching databases for sequences similar to the CARD domain of APAF1
(602233), followed by PCR, Pathan et al. (2001) cloned CARD8, which they
designated TUCAN. CARD8 contains an N-terminal segment that shares 50%
amino acid identity with a region of the proapoptotic protein DEFCAP
(NALP1; 606636), as well as a C-terminal CARD domain.
By Western blot analysis of several tissues, Bouchier-Hayes et al.
(2001) found CARD8 expressed at an apparent molecular mass of 50 kD,
close to the predicted molecular mass of 49 kD. Highest expression was
in lung, ovary, testis, and placenta, with low or absent expression in
brain, skeletal muscle, and spleen.
By RT-PCR, Razmara et al. (2002) found highest CARD8 expression in
placenta, spleen, lymph node, and bone marrow.
By EST analysis, Zhang and Fu (2002) identified 5 splice variants of
CARD8, which they called NDPP1. The variants all have different
translation start sites.
Yamamoto et al. (2005) cloned a splice variant of CARD8 that they named
TUCAN54 after the calculated molecular mass of the encoded protein. The
deduced 487-amino acid TUCAN54 protein has a unique 80-amino acid N
terminus compared with the 48-kD isoform, TUCAN48, but both proteins
contain a NALP homology domain, a candidate caspase cleavage site
(DEED), a C-terminal CARD domain, and several putative phosphorylation
sites. The N terminus of TUCAN54 provides phosphorylation sites not
found in TUCAN48. RT-PCR detected high TUCAN54 expression in leukocytes
and spleen. Expression was lower in heart, lung, thymus, liver,
pancreas, and testis, and little to no expression was detected in other
tissues examined. TUCAN54 was widely expressed in a variety of tumor
cell lines.
By EST database and RT-PCR analyses, Bagnall et al. (2008) characterized
5 isoforms of CARD8 that differ in their N termini and have predicted
molecular masses of 47.5, 48, 51, 54, and 60 kD. The major 48-kD isoform
has 432 amino acids and starts in exon 5, and the 54-kD isoform has 487
amino acids and starts in exon 4. The 47.5-kD isoform differs in the
first 20 amino acids from the 48-kD isoform and results from a putative
initiation codon 20 bp upstream of exon 6. Western blot analysis of
lymphoblastoid cell lines from 6 Crohn disease (see IBD1; 266600)
patients showed a 48- or 47.5-kD band in all cell lines and an
additional band of 54 kD in only 1 cell line.
GENE STRUCTURE
Zhang and Fu (2002) determined that the CARD8 gene contains 14 exons and
spans more than 50 kb. The first 3 exons are noncoding.
MAPPING
By genomic sequence analysis, Zhang and Fu (2002) mapped the CARD8 gene
to chromosome 19q13.3.
GENE FUNCTION
By overexpression in Jurkat human T cells, Pathan et al. (2001) found
that CARD8 inhibited apoptosis and caspase activation induced by APAF1-
and CASP9 (602234)-dependent stimuli but not APAF1- and
CASP9-independent stimuli. Immunohistochemical analysis detected
elevated CARD8 immunostaining in 42 of 66 (64%) colon cancer specimens
compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Higher endogenous CARD8
immunostaining correlated with shorter patient survival.
Bouchier-Hayes et al. (2001) found that CARD8 suppressed NFKB activation
associated with overexpression of NFKB activators or with ligand-induced
stimulation of IL1 receptor (see 147810) or TNF receptor (see 191190).
Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CARD8 interacted with
the regulatory subunit of the I-kappa-B kinase complex, IKK-gamma
(IKBKG; 300248). Bouchier-Hayes et al. (2001) concluded that CARD8 is a
regulator of NFKB activation in the context of proinflammatory signals.
Razmara et al. (2002) found that CARD8 mediated apoptosis.
Overexpression of CARD8 induced apoptosis in transfected breast cancer
and green monkey kidney cells. In contrast to the findings of Pathan et
al. (2001), inhibitor studies by Razmara et al. (2002) indicated that
apoptosis was induced by CARD8 via the APAF1/CASP9 apoptotic complex.
CARD8 also suppressed NFKB activation by diverse stimuli, and stable
CARD8 expression sensitized monocytes to differentiation-induced
apoptosis. Razmara et al. (2002) found that CARD8 bound CASP1 (147678)
and negatively regulated CASP1-dependent IL1B secretion in monocytes. In
addition, CARD8 bound the CASP1 inhibitors ICEBERG (605354) and
pseudo-ICE. Razmara et al. (2002) concluded that CARD8 may be an adaptor
molecule that regulates CASP1 activation, NFKB activation, and
apoptosis.
Zhang and Fu (2002) found that expression of CARD8 blocked BAX
(600040)-induced apoptosis in several human cell lines and in rat
embryonic fibroblasts. TNF-alpha-induced NFKB activation was suppressed
in a CARD8-transfected hepatoma cell line.
Agostini et al. (2004) noted that NALP1, unlike other short NALP
proteins, contains a C-terminal CARD domain that interacts with and
activates CASP5 (602665). CASP1 and CASP5 are activated when they
assemble with NALP1 and ASC (PYCARD; 606838) to form the inflammasome,
which is responsible for processing the inactive IL1B (147720) precursor
(proIL1B) to release active IL1B cytokine. Using immunoprecipitation
analysis, Agostini et al. (2004) found that CARD8, which contains
C-terminal FIIND (function to find) and CARD domains, associated with
constructs of NALP2 (609364) and NALP3 (CIAS1; 606416) lacking the
N-terminal pyrin domain and/or the C-terminal leucine-rich repeat
domain. They determined that the interaction was mediated by the FIIND
domain of CARD8 and the centrally located NACHT domain of NALP2 and
NALP3. The pyrin domain of NALP2 and NALP3, like that of NALP1,
interacted with the pyrin domain of ASC, which recruits CASP1.
Transfection experiments showed that an inflammasome could be assembled
containing ASC, CARD8, CASP1, and a short NALP, resulting in activation
of CASP1, but not CASP5, and strong processing of proIL1B.
Yamamoto et al. (2005) found that overexpression of TUCAN54 in human
cell lines inhibited pro-CASP9 activation and suppressed apoptosis
induced by staurosporin, a protein kinase inhibitor, and by etoposide, a
chemotherapeutic reagent. In contrast, suppression of TUCAN54 expression
via small interfering RNA increased etoposide-induced cell death.
TUCAN54 also inhibited CASP8 (601763) activation, thereby suppressing
FAS (TNFRSF6; 134637)-induced cell death. TUCAN48 inhibited CASP9
activation and, more weakly, CASP8 activation, but only TUCAN54
physically associated with FADD (602457). FADD constitutively associated
with pro-CASP8 in transfected cells, suggesting that TUCAN54 inhibits
pro-CASP8 activation by forming a molecular complex with FADD and
pro-CASP8.
MOLECULAR GENETICS
Using RNA from lymphoblastoid cell lines of Crohn disease patients,
Bagnall et al. (2008) showed that an A-to-T transversion in exon 5 of
the CARD8 gene (dbSNP rs2043211), predicted to result in a cys10-to-ter
(C10X) substitution in the 48-kD isoform of CARD8, did not affect the
47.5-kD isoform. Patients who were TT homozygous showed somewhat reduced
expression of CARD8 mRNA, but expressed a 47.5-kD protein. The authors
showed that the dbSNP rs2043211 variant had multiple outcomes including
unaffected, cys10 to ter, cys34 to ter, phe52 to ile, and phe102 to ile.
Bagnall et al. (2008) noted that the multiple isoforms and differing
consequences for a predicted stop codon polymorphism underline the
importance of detailed analysis of the effects of proposed functional
variants on gene expression.
Using a genomewide screen of Salmonella typhimurium-infected HapMap
lymphoblastoid cells from individuals of northern and western European
or Nigerian ancestry, Ko et al. (2009) identified a loss-of-function
allele of CARD8 (cys10 to ter; dbSNP rs2043211) that was associated with
increased cell death in vitro. Overexpression of alternative alleles and
RNA interference analysis supported the association. Genotyping of
individuals with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) showed a
modestly increased risk with the variant. Ko et al. (2009) proposed that
loss of CARD8 function and an increased inflammatory response may
protect against Salmonella but lead to increased inflammatory disease.
*FIELD* RF
1. Agostini, L.; Martinon, F.; Burns, K.; McDermott, M. F.; Hawkins,
P. N.; Tschopp, J.: NALP3 forms an IL-1-beta-processing inflammasome
with increased activity in Muckle-Wells autoinflammatory disorder. Immunity 20:
319-325, 2004.
2. Bagnall, R. D.; Roberts, R. G.; Mirza, M. M.; Torigoe, T.; Prescott,
N. J.; Mathew, C. G.: Novel isoforms of the CARD8 (TUCAN) gene evade
a nonsense mutation. Europ. J. Hum. Genet. 16: 619-625, 2008.
3. Bouchier-Hayes, L.; Conroy, H.; Egan, H.; Adrain, C.; Creagh, E.
M.; MacFarlane, M.; Martin, S. J.: CARDINAL, a novel caspase recruitment
domain protein, is an inhibitor of multiple NF-kappa-B activation
pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 44069-44077, 2001.
4. Ko, D. C.; Shukla, K. P.; Fong, C.; Wasnick, M.; Brittnacher, M.
J.; Wurfel, M. M.; Holden, T. D.; O'Keefe, G. E.; Van Yserloo, B.;
Akey, J. M.; Miller, S. I.: A genome-wide in vitro bacterial-infection
screen reveals human variation in the host response associated with
inflammatory disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 85: 214-227, 2009.
5. Nagase, T.; Ishikawa, K.; Suyama, M.; Kikuno, R.; Hirosawa, M.;
Miyajima, N.; Tanaka, A.; Kotani, H.; Nomura, N.; Ohara, O.: Prediction
of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIII. The complete
sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins
in vitro. DNA Res. 6: 63-70, 1999.
6. Pathan, N.; Marusawa, H.; Krajewska, M.; Matsuzawa, S.; Kim, H.;
Okada, K.; Torii, S.; Kitada, S.; Krajewski, S.; Welsh, K.; Pio, F.;
Godzik, A.; Reed, J. C.: TUCAN, an antiapoptotic caspase-associated
recruitment domain family protein overexpressed in cancer. J. Biol.
Chem. 276: 32220-32229, 2001.
7. Razmara, M.; Srinivasula, S. M.; Wang, L.; Poyet, J.-L.; Geddes,
B. J.; DiStefano, P. S.; Bertin, J.; Alnemri, E. S.: CARD-8 protein,
a new CARD family member that regulates caspase-1 activation and apoptosis. J.
Biol. Chem. 277: 13952-13958, 2002.
8. Yamamoto, M.; Torigoe, T.; Kamiguchi, K.; Hirohashi, Y.; Nakanishi,
K.; Nabeta, C.; Asanuma, H.; Tsuruma, T.; Sato, T.; Hata, F.; Ohmura,
T.; Yamaguchi, K.; Kurotaki, T.; Hirata, K.; Sato, N.: A novel isoform
of TUCAN is overexpressed in human cancer tissues and suppresses both
caspase-8- and caspase-9-mediated apoptosis. Cancer Res. 65: 8706-8714,
2005.
9. Zhang, H.; Fu, W.: NDPP1 is a novel CARD domain containing protein
which can inhibit apoptosis and suppress NF-kappa-B activation. Int.
J. Oncol. 20: 1035-1040, 2002.
*FIELD* CN
Paul J. Converse - updated: 10/27/2009
Patricia A. Hartz - updated: 6/4/2009
Marla J. F. O'Neill - updated: 12/18/2008
Paul J. Converse - updated: 3/1/2005
*FIELD* CD
Patricia A. Hartz: 11/29/2004
*FIELD* ED
mgross: 10/27/2009
terry: 10/27/2009
mgross: 6/5/2009
terry: 6/4/2009
wwang: 12/30/2008
terry: 12/18/2008
mgross: 5/13/2005
mgross: 3/1/2005
mgross: 11/29/2004
*RECORD*
*FIELD* NO
609051
*FIELD* TI
*609051 CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 8; CARD8
;;TUMOR-UPREGULATED CARD-CONTAINING ANTAGONIST OF CASP9; TUCAN;;
read moreCARD INHIBITOR OF NFKB-ACTIVATING LIGANDS; CARDINAL;;
NDPP1;;
KIAA0955
*FIELD* TX
DESCRIPTION
Caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing proteins, such as CARD8,
are involved in pathways leading to activation of caspases or nuclear
factor kappa-B (NFKB; see 164011) in the context of apoptosis or
inflammation, respectively (Bouchier-Hayes et al., 2001).
CLONING
By sequencing clones obtained from a size-fractionated human brain cDNA
library, Nagase et al. (1999) cloned CARD8, which they designated
KIAA0955. The transcript contains several repetitive elements in the
3-prime UTR, and the deduced protein contains 431 amino acids. RT-PCR
ELISA detected highest expression of CARD8 in kidney and corpus callosum
and lowest expression in pancreas. All other tissues and specific brain
regions examined showed intermediate expression.
By searching databases for sequences similar to the CARD domain of APAF1
(602233), followed by PCR, Pathan et al. (2001) cloned CARD8, which they
designated TUCAN. CARD8 contains an N-terminal segment that shares 50%
amino acid identity with a region of the proapoptotic protein DEFCAP
(NALP1; 606636), as well as a C-terminal CARD domain.
By Western blot analysis of several tissues, Bouchier-Hayes et al.
(2001) found CARD8 expressed at an apparent molecular mass of 50 kD,
close to the predicted molecular mass of 49 kD. Highest expression was
in lung, ovary, testis, and placenta, with low or absent expression in
brain, skeletal muscle, and spleen.
By RT-PCR, Razmara et al. (2002) found highest CARD8 expression in
placenta, spleen, lymph node, and bone marrow.
By EST analysis, Zhang and Fu (2002) identified 5 splice variants of
CARD8, which they called NDPP1. The variants all have different
translation start sites.
Yamamoto et al. (2005) cloned a splice variant of CARD8 that they named
TUCAN54 after the calculated molecular mass of the encoded protein. The
deduced 487-amino acid TUCAN54 protein has a unique 80-amino acid N
terminus compared with the 48-kD isoform, TUCAN48, but both proteins
contain a NALP homology domain, a candidate caspase cleavage site
(DEED), a C-terminal CARD domain, and several putative phosphorylation
sites. The N terminus of TUCAN54 provides phosphorylation sites not
found in TUCAN48. RT-PCR detected high TUCAN54 expression in leukocytes
and spleen. Expression was lower in heart, lung, thymus, liver,
pancreas, and testis, and little to no expression was detected in other
tissues examined. TUCAN54 was widely expressed in a variety of tumor
cell lines.
By EST database and RT-PCR analyses, Bagnall et al. (2008) characterized
5 isoforms of CARD8 that differ in their N termini and have predicted
molecular masses of 47.5, 48, 51, 54, and 60 kD. The major 48-kD isoform
has 432 amino acids and starts in exon 5, and the 54-kD isoform has 487
amino acids and starts in exon 4. The 47.5-kD isoform differs in the
first 20 amino acids from the 48-kD isoform and results from a putative
initiation codon 20 bp upstream of exon 6. Western blot analysis of
lymphoblastoid cell lines from 6 Crohn disease (see IBD1; 266600)
patients showed a 48- or 47.5-kD band in all cell lines and an
additional band of 54 kD in only 1 cell line.
GENE STRUCTURE
Zhang and Fu (2002) determined that the CARD8 gene contains 14 exons and
spans more than 50 kb. The first 3 exons are noncoding.
MAPPING
By genomic sequence analysis, Zhang and Fu (2002) mapped the CARD8 gene
to chromosome 19q13.3.
GENE FUNCTION
By overexpression in Jurkat human T cells, Pathan et al. (2001) found
that CARD8 inhibited apoptosis and caspase activation induced by APAF1-
and CASP9 (602234)-dependent stimuli but not APAF1- and
CASP9-independent stimuli. Immunohistochemical analysis detected
elevated CARD8 immunostaining in 42 of 66 (64%) colon cancer specimens
compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Higher endogenous CARD8
immunostaining correlated with shorter patient survival.
Bouchier-Hayes et al. (2001) found that CARD8 suppressed NFKB activation
associated with overexpression of NFKB activators or with ligand-induced
stimulation of IL1 receptor (see 147810) or TNF receptor (see 191190).
Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CARD8 interacted with
the regulatory subunit of the I-kappa-B kinase complex, IKK-gamma
(IKBKG; 300248). Bouchier-Hayes et al. (2001) concluded that CARD8 is a
regulator of NFKB activation in the context of proinflammatory signals.
Razmara et al. (2002) found that CARD8 mediated apoptosis.
Overexpression of CARD8 induced apoptosis in transfected breast cancer
and green monkey kidney cells. In contrast to the findings of Pathan et
al. (2001), inhibitor studies by Razmara et al. (2002) indicated that
apoptosis was induced by CARD8 via the APAF1/CASP9 apoptotic complex.
CARD8 also suppressed NFKB activation by diverse stimuli, and stable
CARD8 expression sensitized monocytes to differentiation-induced
apoptosis. Razmara et al. (2002) found that CARD8 bound CASP1 (147678)
and negatively regulated CASP1-dependent IL1B secretion in monocytes. In
addition, CARD8 bound the CASP1 inhibitors ICEBERG (605354) and
pseudo-ICE. Razmara et al. (2002) concluded that CARD8 may be an adaptor
molecule that regulates CASP1 activation, NFKB activation, and
apoptosis.
Zhang and Fu (2002) found that expression of CARD8 blocked BAX
(600040)-induced apoptosis in several human cell lines and in rat
embryonic fibroblasts. TNF-alpha-induced NFKB activation was suppressed
in a CARD8-transfected hepatoma cell line.
Agostini et al. (2004) noted that NALP1, unlike other short NALP
proteins, contains a C-terminal CARD domain that interacts with and
activates CASP5 (602665). CASP1 and CASP5 are activated when they
assemble with NALP1 and ASC (PYCARD; 606838) to form the inflammasome,
which is responsible for processing the inactive IL1B (147720) precursor
(proIL1B) to release active IL1B cytokine. Using immunoprecipitation
analysis, Agostini et al. (2004) found that CARD8, which contains
C-terminal FIIND (function to find) and CARD domains, associated with
constructs of NALP2 (609364) and NALP3 (CIAS1; 606416) lacking the
N-terminal pyrin domain and/or the C-terminal leucine-rich repeat
domain. They determined that the interaction was mediated by the FIIND
domain of CARD8 and the centrally located NACHT domain of NALP2 and
NALP3. The pyrin domain of NALP2 and NALP3, like that of NALP1,
interacted with the pyrin domain of ASC, which recruits CASP1.
Transfection experiments showed that an inflammasome could be assembled
containing ASC, CARD8, CASP1, and a short NALP, resulting in activation
of CASP1, but not CASP5, and strong processing of proIL1B.
Yamamoto et al. (2005) found that overexpression of TUCAN54 in human
cell lines inhibited pro-CASP9 activation and suppressed apoptosis
induced by staurosporin, a protein kinase inhibitor, and by etoposide, a
chemotherapeutic reagent. In contrast, suppression of TUCAN54 expression
via small interfering RNA increased etoposide-induced cell death.
TUCAN54 also inhibited CASP8 (601763) activation, thereby suppressing
FAS (TNFRSF6; 134637)-induced cell death. TUCAN48 inhibited CASP9
activation and, more weakly, CASP8 activation, but only TUCAN54
physically associated with FADD (602457). FADD constitutively associated
with pro-CASP8 in transfected cells, suggesting that TUCAN54 inhibits
pro-CASP8 activation by forming a molecular complex with FADD and
pro-CASP8.
MOLECULAR GENETICS
Using RNA from lymphoblastoid cell lines of Crohn disease patients,
Bagnall et al. (2008) showed that an A-to-T transversion in exon 5 of
the CARD8 gene (dbSNP rs2043211), predicted to result in a cys10-to-ter
(C10X) substitution in the 48-kD isoform of CARD8, did not affect the
47.5-kD isoform. Patients who were TT homozygous showed somewhat reduced
expression of CARD8 mRNA, but expressed a 47.5-kD protein. The authors
showed that the dbSNP rs2043211 variant had multiple outcomes including
unaffected, cys10 to ter, cys34 to ter, phe52 to ile, and phe102 to ile.
Bagnall et al. (2008) noted that the multiple isoforms and differing
consequences for a predicted stop codon polymorphism underline the
importance of detailed analysis of the effects of proposed functional
variants on gene expression.
Using a genomewide screen of Salmonella typhimurium-infected HapMap
lymphoblastoid cells from individuals of northern and western European
or Nigerian ancestry, Ko et al. (2009) identified a loss-of-function
allele of CARD8 (cys10 to ter; dbSNP rs2043211) that was associated with
increased cell death in vitro. Overexpression of alternative alleles and
RNA interference analysis supported the association. Genotyping of
individuals with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) showed a
modestly increased risk with the variant. Ko et al. (2009) proposed that
loss of CARD8 function and an increased inflammatory response may
protect against Salmonella but lead to increased inflammatory disease.
*FIELD* RF
1. Agostini, L.; Martinon, F.; Burns, K.; McDermott, M. F.; Hawkins,
P. N.; Tschopp, J.: NALP3 forms an IL-1-beta-processing inflammasome
with increased activity in Muckle-Wells autoinflammatory disorder. Immunity 20:
319-325, 2004.
2. Bagnall, R. D.; Roberts, R. G.; Mirza, M. M.; Torigoe, T.; Prescott,
N. J.; Mathew, C. G.: Novel isoforms of the CARD8 (TUCAN) gene evade
a nonsense mutation. Europ. J. Hum. Genet. 16: 619-625, 2008.
3. Bouchier-Hayes, L.; Conroy, H.; Egan, H.; Adrain, C.; Creagh, E.
M.; MacFarlane, M.; Martin, S. J.: CARDINAL, a novel caspase recruitment
domain protein, is an inhibitor of multiple NF-kappa-B activation
pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 44069-44077, 2001.
4. Ko, D. C.; Shukla, K. P.; Fong, C.; Wasnick, M.; Brittnacher, M.
J.; Wurfel, M. M.; Holden, T. D.; O'Keefe, G. E.; Van Yserloo, B.;
Akey, J. M.; Miller, S. I.: A genome-wide in vitro bacterial-infection
screen reveals human variation in the host response associated with
inflammatory disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 85: 214-227, 2009.
5. Nagase, T.; Ishikawa, K.; Suyama, M.; Kikuno, R.; Hirosawa, M.;
Miyajima, N.; Tanaka, A.; Kotani, H.; Nomura, N.; Ohara, O.: Prediction
of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIII. The complete
sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins
in vitro. DNA Res. 6: 63-70, 1999.
6. Pathan, N.; Marusawa, H.; Krajewska, M.; Matsuzawa, S.; Kim, H.;
Okada, K.; Torii, S.; Kitada, S.; Krajewski, S.; Welsh, K.; Pio, F.;
Godzik, A.; Reed, J. C.: TUCAN, an antiapoptotic caspase-associated
recruitment domain family protein overexpressed in cancer. J. Biol.
Chem. 276: 32220-32229, 2001.
7. Razmara, M.; Srinivasula, S. M.; Wang, L.; Poyet, J.-L.; Geddes,
B. J.; DiStefano, P. S.; Bertin, J.; Alnemri, E. S.: CARD-8 protein,
a new CARD family member that regulates caspase-1 activation and apoptosis. J.
Biol. Chem. 277: 13952-13958, 2002.
8. Yamamoto, M.; Torigoe, T.; Kamiguchi, K.; Hirohashi, Y.; Nakanishi,
K.; Nabeta, C.; Asanuma, H.; Tsuruma, T.; Sato, T.; Hata, F.; Ohmura,
T.; Yamaguchi, K.; Kurotaki, T.; Hirata, K.; Sato, N.: A novel isoform
of TUCAN is overexpressed in human cancer tissues and suppresses both
caspase-8- and caspase-9-mediated apoptosis. Cancer Res. 65: 8706-8714,
2005.
9. Zhang, H.; Fu, W.: NDPP1 is a novel CARD domain containing protein
which can inhibit apoptosis and suppress NF-kappa-B activation. Int.
J. Oncol. 20: 1035-1040, 2002.
*FIELD* CN
Paul J. Converse - updated: 10/27/2009
Patricia A. Hartz - updated: 6/4/2009
Marla J. F. O'Neill - updated: 12/18/2008
Paul J. Converse - updated: 3/1/2005
*FIELD* CD
Patricia A. Hartz: 11/29/2004
*FIELD* ED
mgross: 10/27/2009
terry: 10/27/2009
mgross: 6/5/2009
terry: 6/4/2009
wwang: 12/30/2008
terry: 12/18/2008
mgross: 5/13/2005
mgross: 3/1/2005
mgross: 11/29/2004